The Drill for Breaking News
REUTERS uses a series of story formats (Alerts or Snaps, Newsbreaks/Urgents, Updates and Wrapups) to meet the differing speed needs of its readers which range from intraday traders in banks and funds through to news websites, newspapers and television. As a result we need to abide by line length guidelines to enable reporters and editors to move the copy quickly to meet readers needs.
The Alert (sometimes called a "snap" or "bulletin") is the highest priority item for Reuters services.
An Alert is:
• Up to 100 characters in length as some Thomson Reuters products cannot handle longer alerts.
• Written entirely in upper case (except for lower case letters in RICs)
• Sourced (among rare exceptions: routine corporate results, scheduled economic indicator releases).
• Written in the present tense.
• Filed at "priority 1".
• Normally filed without a dateline. But a dateline may be added if the location of the news event is required for clarity and context. The dateline, to be used only in the first of a series of alerts, is separated from the text by a hyphen with a space either side (e.g. NEW YORK - THAI LEADER SAYS...)
• In Lynx Editor, the Alerting Tool is accessed from the drop-down menu under the "New" button and the alert is created in your personal basket. The header is prefilled with default codes which can be changed manually. Most RICs generate topic and product or "publish to" codes and a character count is displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the window.
File an Alert when you judge that news may move a market or influence client decisions, or that it will be of significant interest to a global readership. Think of it as a long headline with a source. The Alert tells the reader the essential facts - only. Some stories may need a series of Alerts but think twice if you are filing more than about five on a single newsbreak.
Clients complain if we flood screens with red all-capitals headlines that make it difficult to see the essential news and merely add detail that belongs in the story itself. News judgment is important when deciding whether to file Alerts. Do not cheapen their value by using them when they are not justified. Clarity is critical, precise sourcing essential. Sources may be omitted only for a regular economic indicator or company result or a scheduled public event. Use simple everyday nouns and active present tense verbs. Avoid slang and jargon. Use known abbreviations.
Example: ZX PLC SAYS CLINICAL TESTS SHOW PROMISE OF RED TOADFLAX COLD CURE
The Newsbreak
An "urgent", or "newsbreak", or "rush" is a short breaking news story that usually follows an Alert and is filed at "Priority 2". Following the Alert or series of Alerts, the Newsbreak puts the facts into context and makes them meaningful. Stories sent "Priority 2" must have the word URGENT in brackets after the slug in the "slugline".
The Alert and the Newsbreak remain on the screen and they are not replaced with later updates. If a story is unlikely to move a market but still requires a quick start, coverage may start with a Newsbreak, to be followed within 30 minutes maximum by an Update 1.
Most Newsbreaks should be no more than TWO paragraphs or 100 words or about 10 lines in Lynx Editor if the news is unexpected. Newsbreaks that include pre-written material may run longer, provided this does not compromise "snap gaps" or the time between the alerts and the Newsbreak.
Speed is vital but not at the expense of accuracy. Aim to follow up the Alert by having a Newsbreak on the wire within 5 - 15 minutes maximum. Expect the desk to chase you if the Alert is not "covered" by the 15-minute deadline as websites and newspapers often do not get the alerts and need a Newsbreak as the start of the story.
Alerts tell clients the main market-sensitive details they need but the Newsbreak should include some context to explain the significance of the story if possible. If, after writing the Newsbreak, you have material you think needs to be reported, write a short UPDATE 1. You can, if necessary, use the same top and same headline as the Newsbreak, adding the new material at the bottom. There is no need for a Newsbreak to repeat slavishly every detail in a sequence of Alerts if the essential news is adequately covered.
Newsbreak content
A Newsbreak must contain the following elements:
• The main facts, the source and the circumstances (e.g. the IBM chairman at a news conference) and the time element.
• Answer the "So what?" question, i.e. it must put the news in its context. It must start telling the story by signalling significance, or giving comparisons, and include market reaction if this is immediately available.
• An authoritative quote is desirable. But don't hold up the Newsbreak if you don't have a quote.
On a predictable/scheduled event, reporters should prepare by writing background for inclusion in the Newsbreak and canvassing sources on the likely outcomes. They should have a quote ready for each. Make sure you say he or she spoke before the event if you use a pre-prepared quote.
Example:
BC-COLD-CURE/ZX (URGENT) ZX says cold cure trials show promise
LONDON, Aug 7 (Reuters) - ZX Plc chairman Vulcan Sunburster said on Monday that clinical trials had been promising in the British-based pharmaceutical company's quest for a remedy for the Zeta strain of common cold.
"We are prudent about a drug just yet for the Zeta strain of cold virus but phase two clinical trials show real promise with Red Toadflax. It looks good," Sunburster said in a statement after the release of the company's half-year results.
The Update
An Update is a story aimed at carrying forward an earlier report by weaving together fresh developments, reaction, added context and interpretation, analysis and background. The word UPDATE is used as a tag in the headline and appears in the "slugline" in brackets. The first Update in the series would be UPDATE 1, the next UPDATE 2 etc.
The Update is sometimes called a "lead" in newsroom jargon ("Lead" or "lede" can also be a synonym for an intro - the opening paragraph of a news story). Use a new Unique Story Number for the Update and retain it throughout the Update series.
UPDATE 1s to Newsbreaks should be no more than about 200 words 20 lines in Lynx Editor or about five paragraphs, unless they are based on pre-written material. They should be filed to clients within 30 minutes of the Newsbreak.
Example:
BC-COLD-CURE/ZX-SHARES (UPDATE 1) UPDATE 1-ZX shares soar on cold cure hope (Writes through adding analysis, quotes) By Penny Wort
LONDON, Aug 7 (Reuters) - Shares in British drugs firm ZX Plc soared 25 percent on Monday after it said that new clinical trials buoyed hopes it may find a cure for the Zeta strain of common cold using a rare herb called Red Toadflax.
The shares hit 10.50 pounds despite only a modest increase in interim profits on the possibility of a drug for the Zeta cold bug that hit the world at the dawn of a new millennium with a pandemic of debilitating coughs and sneezes.
"We are prudent about a drug just yet for the Zeta strain of cold virus but phase two clinical tests show real promise with Red Toadflax. It looks good," ZX Chairman Vulcan Sunburster said in a statement after the release of half-year results.
ZX first half pre-tax profits to June 30 at 302 million pounds ($455 million) were virtually unchanged from 293 million in the same period of last year. Sales were up 12 percent at 1.27 billion pounds and the interim dividend was steady at two pence.
Just 18 months ago ZX spent $300 million buying Dutch company GrasGroen NV which had begun work on Red Toadflax, an old folk remedy, to treat the Zeta strain of cold.
Pharmaceuticals analyst Manx Sheerwater at brokers Thorn Grass Tare called the latest announcement a bombshell. "Everyone believes that Sunburster had a touch of gold. If he is happy on Red Toadflax they'll bet their shirts," Sheerwater said.
Subsequent Updates
An UPDATE may be refreshed as the story develops, or when fresh reaction comes in e.g.
THAILAND-KING/ (UPDATE 2), THAILAND-KING/ (UPDATE 3) etc.
UPDATE X- is also used as the headline tag (e.g. UPDATE 4-Thai monarch orders รข’¦).
There should be an ADVISORY LINE under the headline telling readers what has been updated (e.g. "Adds king's quotes in third paragraph").
An UPDATE should always have the latest available information and analysis. Remember: When writing a fresh UPDATE, the latest information is not always the most important. You may twin it with the key point from the earlier story or leave the lead unchanged and incorporate the fresh information lower down. You do not need to change the wording of the lead if it is still the strongest news point and is not outdated.
Fresh UPDATES should retain most of the factual material in earlier stories to ensure there is no loss of content when updates replace earlier stories and to enable us to correct any errors in previous copy. All the meat that was in an UPDATE 3, for example, should be included in UPDATE 4 (and 5 etc).
Make sure the UPDATE that follows the Newsbreak has a different Unique Story Number (USN) from the Newsbreak. The UPDATE should not replace the Newsbreak. However, subsequent UPDATES will replace the previous Update in the series. At the end of the day, what will be on the screen are the Alerts (if any), the Newsbreak (or first story in the series) and the final UPDATE (plus and sidebars, analysis etc).
Usually, an UPDATE series would start again at midnight local time with a spot story, followed by an UPDATE 1. And so on. Use common sense. If there's a plane crash at 11:15 at night and you've got an UPDATE 1 out at 11:45 it might be confusing to readers in other time zones to revert to a new series at 12.10. Look for a natural break when you can start the series again.
UPDATE LENGTH: Reuters uses a series of story formats (Alerts or Snaps, Newsbreaks/Urgents, Updates and Wrapups) to meet the differing speed needs of its readers which range from intraday traders in banks and funds through to news websites, newspapers and television. As a result we need to abide by line length guidelines for each story format to enable reporters and editors to move the copy quickly to meet readers needs.
The update series or "trunk" story format is designed to allow the reporter and editor to add information and analysis incrementally as the news breaks. Short, quick updates help meet the readers needs. Adding another 100 words or 10 lines to an update1 for an update2 and moving it quickly is more helpful on breaking news than waiting for a full write through. Desks should try to fix and move problematic early updates quickly by cutting the story and asking the reporter for a better version for the next update.
The Wrapup
A WRAPUP is a one-stop shop for clients offering a broad snapshot of the latest developments in a top story of the day. It is a synthesis of significant news developments with the necessary context, colour, background and reaction, not a long list of everything that was said and done. The WRAPUP tag in the headline and after the slug flags these stories to clients. Desks will consult bureaux on when a WRAPUP is appropriate and where to write it. The desk and bureaux should also consult when a change of dateline is appropriate, or when an overnight WRAPUP is needed.
A Wrapup should:
• Pull together news from more than one dateline or story. It is not just the last Update in a series. It is meant to pull together more than one series of updates from different datelines on the same broad subject, or pull together more than one series of updates from the same dateline but on different strands of the broad story.
• Carry the dateline/by-line of the writer with the strongest story.
• Lead on the hardest news and weave in significant developments from other datelines/stories high up - the top 35 lines.
• Be no more than 800 words or about 80 lines in Lynx Editor.
• Follow the news to a fresh dateline as a story develops.
• Be freshened in light of new developments
• Be refined and improved as it is freshened to sharpen the headline and top five paragraphs.
• Bring in essential background, analysis, color and context and cut out any material that is no longer required each time it is freshened.
A Wrapup should not:
• Include secondary material that is not essential for the reader's understanding.
• Be freshened if there are no new developments unless it can be refined and improved.
Use the word (WRAPUP) in the slugline and the headline tag WRAPUP. Wrapups follow the same slugging and tag style as UPDATEs, - i.e. they start with WRAPUP 1, then WRAPUP 2, WRAPUP
3. The practice of replacing earlier Updates on with the latest update applies to Wrapups. Fresh Wrapups must retain the significant factual material in earlier Wrapups to ensure there is no loss of content when stories are replaced with later updates and to enable us to correct any errors in previous copy.
The skedline
Send a Skedline or "Next" to the desk, advising how you plan to develop the story with more updates - perhaps also an analysis, newsmaker or sidebar. A Skedline is an entry on a news schedule, a tool that media clients use to see what is on the news agenda, but it also allows our own editors to see where you intend to take the story.
The drill - making it work
The Alert/Newsbreak/Update drill for major stories is designed to help us get information out quickly on breaking news. With scheduled events such as earnings releases, economic indicators, speeches and news conferences, we can also prepare. Here are some tips:
• Pre-write as much background and context as possible. The task then is just to write a lead and perhaps slot in a key quote.
• Desks can often help fix UPDATES by cutting them if they are overwritten in order to move update1s and update2s quickly, leaving reporters to get on with a more polished writethrough.
• Double-staff key events or have two people monitoring a major televised speech. They can hand off to each other on writing sets of Alerts that they cover with Newsbreaks and then fold into an Update.
• Do not allow separate series to proliferate. Most stories do not require more than a single trunk story, updated as needed. Do not do an UPDATE 1 to each Newsbreak unless they are totally different stories.
• Remember to consult the desk and to keep editors abreast of your plans for UPDATES by sending skedlines and talking to them.
Source : Reuters Handbook of Journalism, 22 February 2012.
Major breaking news is handled by writing an ALERT, followed by a NEWSBREAK, followed by an UPDATE and a SKEDLINE.The Alert
The Alert (sometimes called a "snap" or "bulletin") is the highest priority item for Reuters services.
An Alert is:
• Up to 100 characters in length as some Thomson Reuters products cannot handle longer alerts.
• Written entirely in upper case (except for lower case letters in RICs)
• Sourced (among rare exceptions: routine corporate results, scheduled economic indicator releases).
• Written in the present tense.
• Filed at "priority 1".
• Normally filed without a dateline. But a dateline may be added if the location of the news event is required for clarity and context. The dateline, to be used only in the first of a series of alerts, is separated from the text by a hyphen with a space either side (e.g. NEW YORK - THAI LEADER SAYS...)
• In Lynx Editor, the Alerting Tool is accessed from the drop-down menu under the "New" button and the alert is created in your personal basket. The header is prefilled with default codes which can be changed manually. Most RICs generate topic and product or "publish to" codes and a character count is displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the window.
File an Alert when you judge that news may move a market or influence client decisions, or that it will be of significant interest to a global readership. Think of it as a long headline with a source. The Alert tells the reader the essential facts - only. Some stories may need a series of Alerts but think twice if you are filing more than about five on a single newsbreak.
Clients complain if we flood screens with red all-capitals headlines that make it difficult to see the essential news and merely add detail that belongs in the story itself. News judgment is important when deciding whether to file Alerts. Do not cheapen their value by using them when they are not justified. Clarity is critical, precise sourcing essential. Sources may be omitted only for a regular economic indicator or company result or a scheduled public event. Use simple everyday nouns and active present tense verbs. Avoid slang and jargon. Use known abbreviations.
Example: ZX PLC SAYS CLINICAL TESTS SHOW PROMISE OF RED TOADFLAX COLD CURE
The Newsbreak
An "urgent", or "newsbreak", or "rush" is a short breaking news story that usually follows an Alert and is filed at "Priority 2". Following the Alert or series of Alerts, the Newsbreak puts the facts into context and makes them meaningful. Stories sent "Priority 2" must have the word URGENT in brackets after the slug in the "slugline".
Newsbreaks must use the same Unique Story Number as the Alert or Alerts.In Lynx Editor, this is achieved by filing the alert by choosing the "publish and Newsbreak" option from the "Publish" menu. Alternatively, select the alert in a Lynx Editor Publish basket and click on "Add Chained" at the top. This creates a dialog box that will allow you to add further alerts or a Newsbreak, all with the same USN.
The Alert and the Newsbreak remain on the screen and they are not replaced with later updates. If a story is unlikely to move a market but still requires a quick start, coverage may start with a Newsbreak, to be followed within 30 minutes maximum by an Update 1.
Most Newsbreaks should be no more than TWO paragraphs or 100 words or about 10 lines in Lynx Editor if the news is unexpected. Newsbreaks that include pre-written material may run longer, provided this does not compromise "snap gaps" or the time between the alerts and the Newsbreak.
Speed is vital but not at the expense of accuracy. Aim to follow up the Alert by having a Newsbreak on the wire within 5 - 15 minutes maximum. Expect the desk to chase you if the Alert is not "covered" by the 15-minute deadline as websites and newspapers often do not get the alerts and need a Newsbreak as the start of the story.
Alerts tell clients the main market-sensitive details they need but the Newsbreak should include some context to explain the significance of the story if possible. If, after writing the Newsbreak, you have material you think needs to be reported, write a short UPDATE 1. You can, if necessary, use the same top and same headline as the Newsbreak, adding the new material at the bottom. There is no need for a Newsbreak to repeat slavishly every detail in a sequence of Alerts if the essential news is adequately covered.
Newsbreak content
A Newsbreak must contain the following elements:
• The main facts, the source and the circumstances (e.g. the IBM chairman at a news conference) and the time element.
• Answer the "So what?" question, i.e. it must put the news in its context. It must start telling the story by signalling significance, or giving comparisons, and include market reaction if this is immediately available.
• An authoritative quote is desirable. But don't hold up the Newsbreak if you don't have a quote.
On a predictable/scheduled event, reporters should prepare by writing background for inclusion in the Newsbreak and canvassing sources on the likely outcomes. They should have a quote ready for each. Make sure you say he or she spoke before the event if you use a pre-prepared quote.
Example:
BC-COLD-CURE/ZX (URGENT) ZX says cold cure trials show promise
LONDON, Aug 7 (Reuters) - ZX Plc chairman Vulcan Sunburster said on Monday that clinical trials had been promising in the British-based pharmaceutical company's quest for a remedy for the Zeta strain of common cold.
"We are prudent about a drug just yet for the Zeta strain of cold virus but phase two clinical trials show real promise with Red Toadflax. It looks good," Sunburster said in a statement after the release of the company's half-year results.
The Update
An Update is a story aimed at carrying forward an earlier report by weaving together fresh developments, reaction, added context and interpretation, analysis and background. The word UPDATE is used as a tag in the headline and appears in the "slugline" in brackets. The first Update in the series would be UPDATE 1, the next UPDATE 2 etc.
The Update is sometimes called a "lead" in newsroom jargon ("Lead" or "lede" can also be a synonym for an intro - the opening paragraph of a news story). Use a new Unique Story Number for the Update and retain it throughout the Update series.
UPDATE 1s to Newsbreaks should be no more than about 200 words 20 lines in Lynx Editor or about five paragraphs, unless they are based on pre-written material. They should be filed to clients within 30 minutes of the Newsbreak.
Example:
BC-COLD-CURE/ZX-SHARES (UPDATE 1) UPDATE 1-ZX shares soar on cold cure hope (Writes through adding analysis, quotes) By Penny Wort
LONDON, Aug 7 (Reuters) - Shares in British drugs firm ZX Plc soared 25 percent on Monday after it said that new clinical trials buoyed hopes it may find a cure for the Zeta strain of common cold using a rare herb called Red Toadflax.
The shares hit 10.50 pounds despite only a modest increase in interim profits on the possibility of a drug for the Zeta cold bug that hit the world at the dawn of a new millennium with a pandemic of debilitating coughs and sneezes.
"We are prudent about a drug just yet for the Zeta strain of cold virus but phase two clinical tests show real promise with Red Toadflax. It looks good," ZX Chairman Vulcan Sunburster said in a statement after the release of half-year results.
ZX first half pre-tax profits to June 30 at 302 million pounds ($455 million) were virtually unchanged from 293 million in the same period of last year. Sales were up 12 percent at 1.27 billion pounds and the interim dividend was steady at two pence.
Just 18 months ago ZX spent $300 million buying Dutch company GrasGroen NV which had begun work on Red Toadflax, an old folk remedy, to treat the Zeta strain of cold.
Pharmaceuticals analyst Manx Sheerwater at brokers Thorn Grass Tare called the latest announcement a bombshell. "Everyone believes that Sunburster had a touch of gold. If he is happy on Red Toadflax they'll bet their shirts," Sheerwater said.
Subsequent Updates
An UPDATE may be refreshed as the story develops, or when fresh reaction comes in e.g.
THAILAND-KING/ (UPDATE 2), THAILAND-KING/ (UPDATE 3) etc.
UPDATE X- is also used as the headline tag (e.g. UPDATE 4-Thai monarch orders รข’¦).
There should be an ADVISORY LINE under the headline telling readers what has been updated (e.g. "Adds king's quotes in third paragraph").
An UPDATE should always have the latest available information and analysis. Remember: When writing a fresh UPDATE, the latest information is not always the most important. You may twin it with the key point from the earlier story or leave the lead unchanged and incorporate the fresh information lower down. You do not need to change the wording of the lead if it is still the strongest news point and is not outdated.
Fresh UPDATES should retain most of the factual material in earlier stories to ensure there is no loss of content when updates replace earlier stories and to enable us to correct any errors in previous copy. All the meat that was in an UPDATE 3, for example, should be included in UPDATE 4 (and 5 etc).
Make sure the UPDATE that follows the Newsbreak has a different Unique Story Number (USN) from the Newsbreak. The UPDATE should not replace the Newsbreak. However, subsequent UPDATES will replace the previous Update in the series. At the end of the day, what will be on the screen are the Alerts (if any), the Newsbreak (or first story in the series) and the final UPDATE (plus and sidebars, analysis etc).
Usually, an UPDATE series would start again at midnight local time with a spot story, followed by an UPDATE 1. And so on. Use common sense. If there's a plane crash at 11:15 at night and you've got an UPDATE 1 out at 11:45 it might be confusing to readers in other time zones to revert to a new series at 12.10. Look for a natural break when you can start the series again.
UPDATE LENGTH: Reuters uses a series of story formats (Alerts or Snaps, Newsbreaks/Urgents, Updates and Wrapups) to meet the differing speed needs of its readers which range from intraday traders in banks and funds through to news websites, newspapers and television. As a result we need to abide by line length guidelines for each story format to enable reporters and editors to move the copy quickly to meet readers needs.
The update series or "trunk" story format is designed to allow the reporter and editor to add information and analysis incrementally as the news breaks. Short, quick updates help meet the readers needs. Adding another 100 words or 10 lines to an update1 for an update2 and moving it quickly is more helpful on breaking news than waiting for a full write through. Desks should try to fix and move problematic early updates quickly by cutting the story and asking the reporter for a better version for the next update.
Most breaking news updates, sidebars, and intra-day market reports should be no more than about 500 words or 50 lines in Lynx Editor.The final update or wrap up on a top news story that is likely to appear on a top news webpage or media wire news schedule, may run to about 800 words or 80 lines. This includes closing market reports for major markets, and also applies to most analyses.
The Wrapup
A WRAPUP is a one-stop shop for clients offering a broad snapshot of the latest developments in a top story of the day. It is a synthesis of significant news developments with the necessary context, colour, background and reaction, not a long list of everything that was said and done. The WRAPUP tag in the headline and after the slug flags these stories to clients. Desks will consult bureaux on when a WRAPUP is appropriate and where to write it. The desk and bureaux should also consult when a change of dateline is appropriate, or when an overnight WRAPUP is needed.
A Wrapup should:
• Pull together news from more than one dateline or story. It is not just the last Update in a series. It is meant to pull together more than one series of updates from different datelines on the same broad subject, or pull together more than one series of updates from the same dateline but on different strands of the broad story.
• Carry the dateline/by-line of the writer with the strongest story.
• Lead on the hardest news and weave in significant developments from other datelines/stories high up - the top 35 lines.
• Be no more than 800 words or about 80 lines in Lynx Editor.
• Follow the news to a fresh dateline as a story develops.
• Be freshened in light of new developments
• Be refined and improved as it is freshened to sharpen the headline and top five paragraphs.
• Bring in essential background, analysis, color and context and cut out any material that is no longer required each time it is freshened.
A Wrapup should not:
• Include secondary material that is not essential for the reader's understanding.
• Be freshened if there are no new developments unless it can be refined and improved.
Use the word (WRAPUP) in the slugline and the headline tag WRAPUP. Wrapups follow the same slugging and tag style as UPDATEs, - i.e. they start with WRAPUP 1, then WRAPUP 2, WRAPUP
3. The practice of replacing earlier Updates on with the latest update applies to Wrapups. Fresh Wrapups must retain the significant factual material in earlier Wrapups to ensure there is no loss of content when stories are replaced with later updates and to enable us to correct any errors in previous copy.
The skedline
Send a Skedline or "Next" to the desk, advising how you plan to develop the story with more updates - perhaps also an analysis, newsmaker or sidebar. A Skedline is an entry on a news schedule, a tool that media clients use to see what is on the news agenda, but it also allows our own editors to see where you intend to take the story.
The drill - making it work
The Alert/Newsbreak/Update drill for major stories is designed to help us get information out quickly on breaking news. With scheduled events such as earnings releases, economic indicators, speeches and news conferences, we can also prepare. Here are some tips:
• Pre-write as much background and context as possible. The task then is just to write a lead and perhaps slot in a key quote.
• Desks can often help fix UPDATES by cutting them if they are overwritten in order to move update1s and update2s quickly, leaving reporters to get on with a more polished writethrough.
• Double-staff key events or have two people monitoring a major televised speech. They can hand off to each other on writing sets of Alerts that they cover with Newsbreaks and then fold into an Update.
• Do not allow separate series to proliferate. Most stories do not require more than a single trunk story, updated as needed. Do not do an UPDATE 1 to each Newsbreak unless they are totally different stories.
• Remember to consult the desk and to keep editors abreast of your plans for UPDATES by sending skedlines and talking to them.
Source : Reuters Handbook of Journalism, 22 February 2012.
